三级数字鸿沟对中国数字原生代和数字移民自评健康和生活满意度影响

杜雨珊; 王亚凡; 任子扬; 杨丰瑞; 刘娅婷; 刘欣茹; 刘菊芬

doi:10.11847/zgggws1142193

三级数字鸿沟对中国数字原生代和数字移民自评健康和生活满意度影响

Influence of three-tire digital divide on self-rated health and life satisfac-tion among 18 – 54 years old digital natives and immigrants in China: an analysis on CFPS data of 2014, 2016 and 2018

摘要

摘要:
目的了解三级数字鸿沟对中国数字原生代和数字移民健康自评和生活满意度的影响，为弥合数字鸿沟、促进全民健康提供参考依据。
方法收集中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）中2014年有效随访调查的12967名18 ~ 54岁中青年人2014、2016和2018年的3年随访数据，将2014年18 ~ 34岁的80后、90后成年个体和35 ~ 54岁的60后、70后成年个体分别作为“数字原生代”和“数字移民”，以“是否上网”、“一周内业余上网时间”和“信息素养”分别作为“接入沟”、“使用沟”和“知识沟”，应用基于固定效应的面板logit模型分析接入沟、使用沟和知识沟三级数字鸿沟对数字原生代和数字移民自评健康和生活满意度的影响。
结果中国12967名中青年人中，数字原生代4448人（34.3%），数字移民8519人（65.7%）；数字原生代的互联网接入率为71.6%，一周内业余平均上网时间为10.0（4.0，20.0）h，信息素养平均得分为4.0（3.0，5.0）分；数字移民的互联网接入率为20.7%，一周内业余平均上网时间为7.0（3.0，14.0）h，信息素养平均得分为4.0（3.0，5.0）分；在控制了性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、自评收入水平、自评社会地位和慢性病患病情况等混杂因素后，数字原生代的生活满意度与互联网的接入沟呈负相关（OR = 0.821，95%CI = 0.694 ~ 0.972），自评健康水平（OR = 1.179，95%CI = 1.054 ~ 1.319）和生活满意度（OR = 1.135，95%CI = 1.051 ~ 1.225）均与互联网的知识沟呈正相关；数字移民的生活满意度与互联网的知识沟呈正相关（OR = 1.121，95%CI = 1.032 ~ 1.217）。
结论三级数字鸿沟对中国数字原生代和数字移民的自评健康和生活满意度均有影响，其中信息素养的提高对数字原生代和数字移民身心健康的改善更具显著作用。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the influence of the three-tier digital divide on self-rated health and life satisfaction among Chinese digital natives and digital immigrants, with the aim of bridging this divide and promoting public health.
Methods The panel data on 12 967 residents at aged 18 – 54 years at enrollment in 2014 and followed up in 2016 and 2018 were collected from three surveys of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The analysis classified individuals aged 18 – 34 years as digital natives and those aged 35 – 54 years as digital immigrants. The participants′ experiences of the digital access/use/literacy divide were evaluated based on their internet usage, weekly online engagement, and information literacy skills. A fixed-effect panel logit model was employed to examine the impact of the three-tier digital divide on the self-rated health and life satisfaction of both digital natives and immigrants.
Results Of the 12 967 participants, 34.3% (4 448) were digital natives and 65.7% (8 519) were digital immigrants. Among the digital natives, 71.6% reported internet usage, with a median (25th, 75th percentile) of 10.0 (4.0, 20.0) hours per week for online engagement and a median information literacy score of 4.0 (3.0, 5.0); in contrast, among the digital immigrants, the reported proportion of internet usage was only 20.7%, with medians of 7.0 (3.0, 14.0) hours per week for online engagement and an information literacy score of 4.0 (3.0, 5.0). After controlling for gender, education level, marital status, place of residence, self-rated socio-economic status, and chronic disease condition, the results of fixed-effect panel logit analysis revealed that among digital natives, there was a negative correlation between life satisfaction and digital access discrepancy (odds ratio OR = 0.821, 95% confidence interval 95% CI: 0.694 – 0.972); additionally, both self-rated health (OR = 1.179, 95%CI: 1.054 – 1.319) and life satisfaction (OR = 1.135, 95%CI: 1.051 – 1.225) were positively correlated with digital literacy discrepancy; whereas among digital immigrants, there was a positive correlation between life satisfaction and digital literacy discrepancy (OR = 1.121, 95%CI: 1.032 – 1.217).
Conclusion The three-tier digital divide impacts the self-rated health and life satisfaction of young and middle aged residents who are digitally native and those who are digital immigrants and the impact of digital literacy divide is more significant.

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