Abstract: With the implementation of national support policies for rural medical and health care, more and more rural areas have started common cancer screening and early diagnosis and treatment work. However, some rural areas still face challenges such as shortage of human resources, lack of standardized cancer screening criteria, insufficient health service capabilities, and weak diagnosis and treatment capabilities of medical institutions. Artificial intelligence has powerful analytical and processing capabilities and can obtain relatively objective and accurate health information from residents through its association with residents′ electronic health records, electronic medical records, and personal wearable health monitoring devices, thereby solving the shortage of human resources in cancer screening in rural areas. At the same time, relying on the powerful computing power of artificial intelligence, normal and standardized cancer screening guidelines can be formed, effectively improving the diagnosis and treatment level of medical personnel in rural areas and the efficiency and accessibility of cancer screening. This article gives an overview of the current challenges in cancer screening in rural areas of China and the countermeasures of artificial intelligence assistance, in order to provide new ideas for the high-quality development of cancer screening work in rural areas of China.