Abstract: ObjectivesTo explore the influence factors on the notifiable communicable diseases among the provisional population in Shezhen.MethodsAccording to the reporting system of notifiable communicable diseases,the incident rates for the permanent and prov isional residents were calculated and analyzed.ResultsFrom 1980 to 1999,the total incident rate of the communicable diseases was decreased year by year,whereas the decrease of the rate in provisional residents was not significant.As a major infectious disease.Malaria incidence showed two peaks from 1984 to 1999 and there were more cholera cases occurred in the provisional population.The rates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever were not differences between the two residents.The incident rates of dysentery and virus hepatitis in permanent populat ion were higher than that in the pro visional residents.The possible influent factors on the communicable diseases were discussed.ConclusionIt is important that the socioeconomic factors influences on the incidence of the communicable diseases.And in Shenzhen,malaria and cholera should use as index diseases for the surveillance in the provisional and temporary population.