Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors of osteoporosis in women living in countryside.Methods These 1 726 married women in countrysides were tested by peripheral Dual Energy X-ray Absorptionmetry(pDXA)in the proximal -radius of the non-dominant forearms and were inquired about related factors according to the questionnaires of a kind.Univariate correlation analysis test,analysis of variance and multiple stepwise regression analysis were conducted in our study.Results Years of menopause,low weight,age were the three risk factors of decreasing boss mass density(BMD),body mass index(BMI),diet and high fertility frequency would lead to the increasing BMD.Conclusion Those aged and post- menopaused women,and those who lost weight,were the high-risk population,and to the menopaused women,etrogen was suggeted to prevent osteoporosis.