Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore behavior problems and influencing factors of school-age children in urban and rural areas.MethodsAchenbach Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)and self-made questionnaire of influencing factors were applied to investigate 1961 school-age children aged 7-12.ResultsThe prevalence of behavior problems of school-age children in urban and rural areas were 11.37% and 19.26% respectively,significantly different(P<0.01).The main risk factors of child behavior problem were child's illness before school,kinship care,the condition of pregnancy,parents'relationship,parentchild relationship.ConclusionA multi-factorial model of behavior problems existed in children,and multiple intervention approaches were necessary for prevention and treatment of behavior problems in children.