Abstract: Objective In order to analyse the effects of battery recycling on environment and blood lead of children and to provide scientific basis for making enviroment under control and preventing lead poison of children.Methods Blood lead levels of children aged 5-9 years were tested,who living in heavy,moderate lead pollutant areas and control area.Lead levels in air,soil,drinking water and crops were determined.Results Lead pollution of air,soil and wheat in heavy polluted area was most seriously(average value is 0.016 3mg/m³,1.161 4mg/kg,7.905 0mg/kg respectively).Lead content of drinking water was obviously more than that of clear area,although it lowered the national standard.The air,soil and wheat of moderate polluted area was also polluted by lead to some extent(average value was 0.009 4mg/m³,0.291 0mg/kg,2.427 5mg/kg repsectively).The lead content of drinking water lowered the national standard(average value was 0.004 8mg/L).The air,soil,drinking water and wheat in control area were not polluted by lead(average value was 0.000 47mg/m³,0.053 4mg/kg,0.003 2mg/L,0.365 0mg/kg).The blood lead level of children from three groups were 532μg/L,452μg/L,126μg/L.Conclusion Small battery recycling industry induced serious lead pollution problems,which caused elevated blood lead level of children.It was necessary to carry out a social intervention program.