山东省水源性高碘地区分布现状与特征
Distribution and characteristic of areas with high iodine concentration in drinking water in Shandong province
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摘要:目的 掌握山东省高碘地区分布现状和特征, 绘制全省高碘地区分布图, 为调整碘盐供应区域和实施“科学补碘, 分类指导”提供决策依据.方法 采用横断面一次性调查方法, 在每个被调查县(市、区)的所有乡镇均按照东、西、南、北、中5个不同方位各抽取5个村庄, 每个村庄采集饮用水样2份进行饮水碘含量定量检测, 并了解饮水类型及水井深度; 采集5户居民食用盐样品各1份进行定性检测.结果 调查可疑高碘地区的7个市的40个县(市、区)的566个乡镇(街办)的2780个村庄, 发现碘盐覆盖率达975%;水碘 > 150μg/L以上的高碘地区分布于35个县(市、区)的281个乡镇(街办), 受累人口达134637万人; 饮水碘含量的均值为(314±187)μg/L, 中位数为256μg/L(150~2304μg/L); 水源主要为浅井水; 高碘地区主要分布于黄河冲积平原, 与河北、河南、江苏和安徽的高碘地区相连; 浅层土壤或浅井水的高碘含量可能与黄河泛滥把从上游携带来的富碘泥沙的长期沉积有关.结论 建议按照《条例》规定在高碘地区停止碘盐供应, 实行以乡镇为单位的停用碘盐或提供碘盐干预策略; 同时, 开展健康教育, 实施改水措施和利用“南水北调”改善居民饮水状况, 并在这些地区实施水碘和碘盐监测.Abstract:Objective To understand the present condition, characteristics and the map of iodine excess areas in Shandong province, which will provide the evidence foradjustment in iodized salt supply in these areas in order to implement the scientific intervention guided by the Regulation.Methods Across section in one time was adopted for the epidemiological survey based on the east, west, south, north and central in all of townships from 40 counties.2 samples of drinking water from each village were tested for their water iodine content.The data regardingto their recourses and the depth of wells were measured.5 samples ofedible salt were collected from 5 households in each village for quantitative analysis.Results 2 780 villages in 556 townships of 40 counties were investigated in this study.13 million population were estimated at risk foriodine excess and living in 281 townships of 35 counties where iodine concentration was over 150μg/L in drinding water.The recourses of drinking water were mainly from shallow wells with 3.14±187μg indine/L in mean value or 256μg iodine/L(100-2 304μg/L)in medium.All the iodine excess areas were located in alluvial plain and connected with same iodine excess areas in Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.The etiology of high iodine in shallow well water may be supposed to be iodine aggregation formed by Yellow River in terms of thousands of flood in thousands of years.Conclusion Iodized salt intervention should be stopped in all townships with the problems of iodine excess accordingto the regulation and startingthe healtheducation project at the same time.Monitoring programme is also important in these areas after stopping iodized salt.It is essential to grasp the great opportunity duringthe National Project entitled" South Water North Transport" so as to change the water recourses.
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