Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of geriatric depression in rural areas of Anhui province,so as to provide scientific basis for making preventive measures of geriatric depression.Methods Cluster sampling was used in the study and the methods of descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine the correlation between the geriatric depression and relevant factors.Results The A GECA Tidentified 95 cases of the geriatric depression and its prevalence was 5.9%.There was significant difference between the male and female,different marital status and smoking or not.Multinomial regression showed that the major risk factors of the geriatric depression were female,self-perceived poor health,self-perceived poor economy,living with non-lineal family members,having negative life events etc,and communicating with friends occasionally or frequently may decrease the prevalence of geriatric depression.Conclusion The risk factors are gender,marital status,economy and health self-percieving and negative life events.