Abstract: ObjectiveTo understand the possibility of intrauterine transmission which caused by hepatitis Bvirus through the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC).MethodsDouble in situ hybridization(DISH)was used for detection of GSTM1 and HBV DNA in PBMC smear of 54 neonates,which the GSTM1 gene of newborns was deletion type and their mothers' was expression type.ResultsThere was 34(62.96%)positive signal of GSTM1 gene of pregnant woman,18 (33.33%)positive signal of HBV gene and l5(27.78%)double positive signal of GSTM1 and HBV gene in 54 PBMC smear,the PBMC transportation from mother-fetus and HBV infection in PBMC of neonate had association(χ²=9.96,P= 0.002).ConclusionsThe PBMC of pregnant women which infected by HBV could cause HBV intrauterine transmission through PBMC conveying.