Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the present status of antibiotic use in paediatrics.infectious diseases in Jilin regions and guide the rational usage of antibiotics.Method Cases of infectious diseases of childen from Jilin regions were randomly selected fora retrospective investigation from April 2003 to October 2005,including the treatment status,variety, frequency,average days of antibiotic usage.The 242 cases of specimens from the respiratory tract were collected,and the bacteria were isolated and identified,and the susceptibility tests were done from April to October in 2005.ResultThe rates of antibiotic usage were 100% in all cases,but only 12 cases applied according to the susceptibility test.The using frequency of antibiotic were to cefazidime(55%),torox ithromycin(23%)and to penicillin(25%).The 366 strains of bacteria were isolated from 242 specimens including 196 strains of G⁺ coccus accounting for 31.6 percents of Staph.epider mitidis and 27 percent of Staph.aureus,and 170 strains of G^- bacillus accounting for 40 percent of K.pneumoniae and 28.8 percent of E.coli.The G⁺ coccus resistance rates to Ampicillin were 86%,the rates to otherantibiotic were more than 18.5%.The Gbacillus resistant rates to Ampicillin were 79%,the rates to otherantibiotic were more than 26%.ConclusionThe antibiotic usage rates of paediatr ics' infectious diseases is 100%,the type of antibiotic is simple and used irrationally in Jilin regions.The bacteria from the respiratory tracthave higher resistant rates to antimicrobial agents used in treating diseases.