Abstract: Objective To study on prevalence rate of obesity and risk factors of middle-aged and elder women in rural community in Anhui province for providing the basis of obesity prevention.Methods By cluster sampling method,over 45 years old women in certain rural community of counry were investigated through health examination and questionnaires investigation.Results 3 319 women above 45 years old were investigated.Among them,959 were overweight(standardized rate 28.89%)and obesity 270(standardized rate 8.06%),abdominal obesity 2052(standardized rate 60.86%).BMI of women in≥65 age group was lower than all other age groups,but the waist-hip ratio was higher than those in other age groups.The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity of women aged 55～64 and abdominal visceral obesity women aged≥65 age group were higher than those in other age groups.Logistic regression analysis showed that age,occupation,hours of sleep,in-take of vegetable,eggs and fruit were risk factors of obesity.The protective factors would include small age,more vegetables and eggs intake,and major risk factors would include occupation(workers,farmers,women in the family),more hours of sleep and fruits intake.Conclusion Obesity and the risk factors were closely related.The high prevalence rate of overweight,obesity and abdominal visceral obesity of midde-aged and elder women in rural communities should actively carry outhealth education for them to raise their awareness of health and health standards.