Abstract: ObjectiveTo study the potential risk factors of childhood po isoning,and provide science evidence for its prevention and intervention.Methods1:1 matched case-control study was conducted,216 rural children who hospitalized or visited the out-patient clinic(OPD)because of the accident poisoning during Jan 1,2002 to Dec 31,2004 in two county hospitals and 18 town hospitals of Guigang city were included in the case group,and the children who dwelt in the same village were recruited as matched controls.There were 216 controls in total.Both cases and controls received questionnaire investigation including environment factors,the management of hazards oods and parents.behavior.Conditional Logistic regression was employed to analyze matching data.ResultsAccording to the results of multivariate analysis,there were 9 factors which were related with the unintentional childhood poisoning.They were no health education lessons in children's school,parents or guardians'lack of poisoning knowledge,the inside installation of bathroom water-heater,no medicine guide from the pediatricians,without sterilizing working cloth after sprinkling pesticide,grandparents as children's main guardian,noregister inside bathr oom(OR values were 6.620,3.615,3.365,2.929,2.208,2.118,2.012 respectively).Two factors were the protective factors,which were children seldom to play outside and children not to absorb fingers regularly(OR were 0.554 and 0.445 respectively),which can reduce the possibility of childhood poisoning.ConclusionThe childhood poisoning accident happening of Guangxi rural area is related with the family factors,environment factors,children's behavior factors and condition of health service.So effective and comprehensive prevention and inter vention measures should be instituted according to these risk factors.