Abstract: ObjectiveTo illustrate the mechanism of mitochondria-induced neuron apoptosis of hippocampus,the effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation on microstructure of pyramidal neurons and mitochondria of CA1 region of hippocampus was studied.MethodsAdult SD rats were chosen and random grouping was applied.Sleeping deprivation model was provided by modified multiple platform method.Nissl stain and light microscope were applied to observe the morphological changes of hippocampus,while TEM was used for observing the transformation of ultra-structure of hippocampus.The level of CytC expression was assessed by immunohistochemical method.ResultsThe quantity of the cell in hippocampus CA1 region decreased after sleep deprivation,while cell sequence was loosen and a number of vacuoles appeared.Under the TEM observation,endoplasmic reticulum was extended.And there were obvious dropsy of neurite and mitochondria swelling.Cristae structure was getting disordered while the quantity of mitochondria decreased and vacuole sample transform appeared.The level of CytC in endochylema was growing up.ConclusionSleep deprivation mediates the apoptosis of hippocampus neuron by damaging the cell of hippocampus CA1 region,and releasing the CytC.