Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its risk factors in rural of Hubei province and to provide scientific evidence of prevention and treatment for the disease.MethodsUsing uniform scheme,procedures and questionnaire,a multistage survey for 1 883 people in rural area in southern part of Hubei province was performed,and physical examinations and lung function tests were conducted for every participant.ResultsIn this sur vey,186 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cases were identified with a overall prevalence of 9.8%.The prevalence for male was 13.38%,and the female was 6.46%,the prevalence was higher in male than in female(χ²=27.48,P<0.001), and it was higher with the increasing age(χ²=79.22,P<0.001).Factors asso ciated with chronic obstr uctive pulmonary dis ease were identified in one-way variance model as follows:sex,age,smoking,cooking times,using biomass fuels in house cooking,family history,frequent cough before age of 14,body index and decorating living room in the last five years.Multi variate logistic regression analysis showed that sex(OR=1.3010,95% CI=1.0408~1.6260,P=0.021),age(OR=1.8506,95% CI=1.0419~3.2870,P=0.036),smoking(OR=3.0118,95% CI=1.5523~5.8443,P=0.000),cooking times(OR=1.7651,95% CI=1.1036~2.8230,P=0 018),family history(OR=1.5278,95% CI=1.1507~2.0283,P=0.003),frequent cough before age of 14(OR=2.8965,95% CI=1.1301~7.4238,P=0.026)were risk factors.ConclusionThe prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the southern part of Hubei province was higher.Some comprehensive intervention measures should be taken against the risk factors of the disease.