Abstract: Objective To explore the influencing factors of esophageal cancer in the trunk basin of Dawen river,Shan dong province.Methods A case-control study was carried out:195 living cases of diagnosed esophageal cancer and 195 controls were matched by age and sex and surveyed by a unified inventory.Results The following items could rises the risk of esophageal cancer:hard dry diet,smoke homemade cigarettes,alcohol consumption >500 ml/day,relatives with tumor in history(OR=5.850,OR=16.158,OR=11.513,OR=1.827,respectively).While drinking tea may have protective effect against esophageal cancer(OR=0.311).Conclusion The high incidence of esophageal cancer in the area is relative not only to the env ironment and dietary factors,but also to the family history of esophageal cancer.