Abstract: Objective To knowthe sanitary risk factors in China rural water supply facilities.Methods The sanitary risk factors assessment in 68 water supply facilities of 5 provinces are carried out by using"common sanitary risk factor assessment matrix for rural water supply system".Results The study results have shown that the sanitary risk factors covered every aspect from water source to the end user.The results have showed some of the factors happening more frequently:the occurrence frequency of water intake buildings been damaged has reached 0.69 in centraliszed water systems;and water sources unprotected reached 0.57.The main factors affecting water quality in centralized pipeline are the pipe leakage and contamination by wastewater surrounded.For the dispersal water facilities,the major sanitary risk is insufficiency of protection measures,some of which even reach 0.3 more in terms of the occurrence frequency.The survey also indicated that the emergency management programme should be emphasized.Conclusion The sanitary risk factors in centralized rural water supply facilities come down to water fetching construction,water source and distribution system.This hints that these sanitary risk factors should be cared in centralized rural water supply management.In dispersal water supply facility,the contamination surrounded the facility is main sanitary risk factor.For the house-hold water storage,the main factor is secondary pollution on water stored.