Abstract: Objective To study the positive rate of autoantibodies in esophageal cancer patients of Kazakhs,to explore the possible relationship between esophageal cancer and the autoantibodies in Kazakhs.Methods A 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted with 92 cases of esophageal cancer patients of Kazakhs and 184 population-based controls.Using indirected immunofluorescence(IIF),autoantibodies were detected in patients and controls.Results The positive rate of autoantibodies in female is higher than in male,and with age growing,the positive rate of autoantibodies is higher.The positive rate of autoantibo dies in esophageal cancer patients of Kazakhs is 50.0%,in control group is 25.0%,with a difference of 2M-H=19.93,df=1,P<0.01,OR=3.78,OR 95%CI=2.11,6677.Conclusion Detection of autoantibodies in esophageal cancer may help in the early diagnosis and treatment.