Abstract: Objective To explore the gender dimension in premarital medical examination through analyzing the difference on cognition and attitude toward premarital examination between male and female.Methods 300 couples who were married after Oct.1,2003 were selected by means of multi stage randomized sampling and couples sampled were studied with quant itat ive questionnaire.Results This research found that the female were more inclined to premarital voluntary examina tion and pr eferred to the right of choice.Under the established gender criterion,the female examinees felt uncomfortable more fr equently and deeply than the male in the process of examination.Conclusion Gender awareness should be integ rated into the promotion strategies of premarital medical examination.The female should be endowed with more right of choice and their gender needs should be identified and satisfied.