Abstract: ObjectiveTo know the status of knowledge about reproductive health in rural residents.MethodsIn the project counties of Anhui and Xinjiang province random cluster sampling was used to select population studied and face to face interview was carried out in J anuary,2006.ResultsThe knowledge of traditional contraceptive methods,emergency method was very poor among the population studied.1412% of the subjects didn't know any contraceptive method.Different gender and marriage has significant difference in knowing contraceptive methods(χ²=19.404,P=0.000).The percentage of unmarried female,male and married female and male knowing three contraceptive methods was 92.9%,91.1% 78% and 76.7%,respectively.The percentage of knowing 4～5 contraceptive methods was 17.9% and 19.3% in married population.The percentage of unknown of any symptom of RTI/STDs in unmarried women,married women,unmarried man and married man was 88.1%,83.5%,87.6% and 81.6%.40% of the subjects knew about three routes of HIV transmission,but 5.1% of the still had the wrong knowledge about HIV transmission.ConclusionThe status of knowledge about reproductive health in rural residents in Xingjiang and Anhui still to be improved.