Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the mental health of peasant-workers on duty and peasants athome in order to promote their mental health.Methods400 peasant-workers on duty and 400 peasants athome sampled were surveyed by Symptom Check List 90(SCL-90)with totally 485 valid papers.ResultsThe 380 surveyed peasant-workers on duty and the 105 surveyed peasants athome had significantly higher scores than Chinese adult norm in all factors of SCL-90(P<0.001).There were significant age differences of phobia anxiety,paranoid ideation and number of masculine item in peasant-workers on duty(P<0.05),as well as somatization,depression,anxiety,phobia anxiety and total score in peasants athome (P<0.05).The marital status differences in interpersonal sensitivity and number of masculine item of peasant-workers on duty were significant(P<0.05),as well as somatization,obsessive-compulsive,phobia anxiety and total score of peasants at home(P<0.05).The SCL-90 results of the peasants athome had significant differences in educational level(P<0.05), but the results of the peasant-workers on duty had not.ConclusionThe mental health conditions of the peasant-workers on duty and the peasants athome were worse than those of the common pepole.Educational level,age and marital status affect their mental health significantly.