Abstract: Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus(DM)in rural residents.Methods Participants≥18 years old were selected random from two villages in Henan province.A cross2sectional study was performed.Logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors of DM.Results The prevalence of DM among 989 subjects was 11.22%.The age2adjusted prevalence was 6.72%.There was no significant statistical difference between men and women for prevalence of DM.The prevalence of DM increased significantly with age.The prevalence of participants with highereducation level was higher than that of those with lowereducation level.The prevalence of DM increased significantly with age and income level.After adjusted for age,sex,marriage,education and income status,the central obesity(OR=2.066,95% CI=1.298～3.289),family history of DM(OR=2.981,95% CI=1.687～5.266)and LDL2C≥3.37(OR=1.601,95% CI=1.019～2.518)were significant positively associated with DM.Conclusion The prevalence of DM in rural residents was high.