Abstract: Objective To find out risk factors of drowning among primary and middle school students in rural area and to provide evidence for prevention and intervention.Methods A rural town was selected as survey spot.All data were collected by self-administrated questionnaire under the guidance of the investigator.Results The non fatal drowning incidence rate was 5.6% for all students and 7.69%,5.80%,2.39% for primary,secondary and high school students,respectively.The male students had higher rate(7.14%)than that of female(4.03%).With single and multiple factors analysis,five major risk factors were identified including the relation of family,swimming alone in non-swimming area,fishing alone in open water,frolicing in the pond/open water with companion,diving in the unknown deep water.Preventive factor of drowning was subjects.grade.Conclusion Drowning among primary and middle school students in rural area was caused by multiple factors.