Abstract: Objective To explore correlations between marital quality and repro ductive health related behaviors among women of childbearing age in rural of Anhui.Methods Olson marital quality scale and inventory about reproductive health related behavior were used.With stratified sampling,1 380 women with are sponse rate of 88.4% were surveyed by inter viewers at the respondents'households.Results The avrage age of in terviewees was 22.72±2.38.Marital quality showed a positive relation ship with behaviors on sexhygiene and sexualissue communication.Well educated and young women had relatively higher scores on marital quality and reproductive health related behavior.Conclusion Statistically significant relationships were found bewteen marital quality and reproductive health related behaviors,sug gesting that future interventions should take marital quality improvement in to account.