Abstract: Objective To investigate the burden of chronic isease among residents in Xuzhou,and to provide basic information forstrategy making.Methods Life lost and direct treatment cost of the main chronic disease among the residents were analysed.Results The standardized mortality rates of cancers,diabete mellitus,cardiopathy,cerebrovascular related diseases among urban residents in 1997～2006 were 130.13,18.33,109.08 and 111.03 per hundred thousand and that of ruralres idents were 164.05,3.41,56.65 and 85.14 per hundred thousand,respectivly.The standardized rate of potential life lost of cancers,diabete mellitus,cardiopathy,cerebrovascular related diseases among urbanres idents was 11.95‰,0.80‰,4.93%,4.10‰;that of rural residents was 14.9‰,0.33‰,2.86‰,2.84‰,respectively.The directtreatment cost of main chronic disease was 99 Yuan RMB per patient for urban residents and 48 Yuan RMB for rural residents in 2006.Conclusion Chronic disease was the main death cause and brought heavy burdens to residents in Xuzhou.The preventive and control measures should be streng thened.