Abstract: Objective To investigate esophageal cancer mortality rate in Hebei province from 1970's and provide basic information for cancer prevention and control.Methods According to stratified cluster sampling method,a survey in 13791886 people of 18 cities and counties of Hebei province was conducted in 2004-2005.The age,sex specific and the geography distribution of esophageal cancer mortality rate were analyzed with the software provided by Ministry of Health of China.Results The esophageal cancer mortality rate was 21.86/100,000(male 28.89/100,000,female 14.43/100,000).The median death age was 68 years.For the geographical distribution,the esophageal cancer mortality rate of Cixian in Han dan was still the highest,and that of Chicheng was the lowest.The mortality of urbanre sidents was higher than that of rural residents.The mortality of mountain area was higher than that of plain area and coastal area.Conclusion E sophageal cancer mortality rate is decreasing in Hebei province.