Abstract: Objective To investigate malaria prevention related cognitive awareness,behavior and demand in the rural residents of Hubei province,and evaluate the demand of local malaria prevention.Methods Atypical sampling method was used to perform the questionnaire study among local inhabitants and pupils.Results The awareness rate and behavior of malaria prevention showeds tatistical signiticane between different age,sex,pupils and inhabitants.The awareness rates of mala riatransmission and typical clinical manifestation were high in 40-49 age group(7506% and 23.2%,P<0.01)and in the group of sleeping outside frequently(21.2%,P<0.01).The awareness rate of female residents for the importance of malaria prevention and receiving medical treatment timely was higher than that of male residents(84.3%,82.1%,P<0.01).The times of sleeping outside in women were less than that of man.The malaria awareness rate was significantly lower in pupils than in the local inhabitants(P<0.01).The research also revealed that people preferred to get relevant know ledge of malaria prevention fromtelevision.Conclusion The cognitive level of malaria prevention still needs to be raised in the rural residents of Hubei province,and particularly the clinical manifestation of malaria needs to be addressed.More attention should be paid on pupils education in the field of malaria prevention.