Abstract: Objective To analyze occurrence rate of anxiety in rural pumlonary tuberculosis patients and explore the possible influence factors of anxiety.Methods The sample was randomly chosen by using cluster based sampling method and the data was collected by face to face interview using self made health survey questionnaire and self rating anxiety scale (SAS).Results The occurrence rate of anxiety in rural pomlonary tuberculosis patients was 7.6 percent and the average score of SAS was 34.9±9.3.Factors affecting the occurrence of anxiety included economic status,social support,knowledge about policies on tuberculosis,and the self evaluation of the patient.Conclusion The mental health status of rural pol monary tuberculosis patients was poor.Many factors could affect the occurrence of anxiety and thus different in tervention measures should be taken.