Abstract: Objective To study the effect of Citrus aurantium(C.aurantium)extract on kidney antiox idantability and islet in experimental diabetic mice.Methods Experimental diabetic mice were treat with C.aurantium extract(1.7,3.4,5.1g C.aurantium extract/kg).After 4 weeks,the general status,kidney antio xidant ability and morphological change of islet were observed.Results The blood glucose of diabetic mice treated with high dose of C.aurantium extract was significantly lower that of untreated mice(20.37±5.25 vs 25.74±2.99 mmol/L,P<0.05).The content of glutath ione of high dose C.auratiocm treated mice was significantly higher that of untreated diebetic mice(34.40±8.54 vs 21.38±3.91 mg/g·prot,P<0.05).The mice treated with high dose C.auranticm had a lower maleic dialdehy de(0.89±0.37 vs 1.46 ±0.39 nmol/mg·prot,P<0.01)and nitric oxde(1.27±5.6 vs 2.15±0.85 μmol/g·prot,P<0.05)compared with untreated diabic mice.Minor morphological damage of islets in C.aurantiumtreated mice were observed compared with untreated diabetic mice.Conclusion The extract of C.aurantium can effectively enhance the kidney an tioxidant function and decrease islets cell damages.