Abstract: Objective To understand the situation of knowledge,behavior and attitude about AIDS among urban inhabitants and peasants,and to provide evidence for policy refinement on AIDS health education.Methods Based on cluster sampling,an anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among urban inhabitants.The data were analyzed with EPIDATA and SPSS.Results There were 1 243 people including 621 urban inhabitants and 622 peasants investigated.Correct answer rates to the three spread routes of AIDS were from 85.2-88.7% among urban inhabitants,69.1-69.6% among peasants.The correct answer rates for non-spread route of AIDS were from 52.4-79.7% among urban inhabitants,41.4-61.6% among peasants.The knowledge rates of AIDS prevention were from 60.7-84.6% among urban inhabitants,54.0-79.1% among peasants.The correct answer rates between inhabitants and peasants were statistically different for all questions (P<0.05).The source of receiving knowledge about AIDS was mainly TV and newspaper (23%).There were low rates of high-risk behavior including blood business,taking drug,non marriage sex among the subjects.There was discrimination to people with AIDS virus infection.Conclusion The knowledge rates of three spread routes of AIDS among Taiyuan urban inhabitants and peasants reached the national standard.Further prevention work should be focused on peasants and the effort to decrease discrimination to people with AIDS virus infection.