Abstract: Objective To assess the relationship between the polymorphisms of DNA repair gene XRCC1 Pro206Pr and Gln632Gln and susceptibility of lung cancer among non-smoking Chinese women.Methods A hospital-based case-control study consisting of 55 newly diagnosed and previously untreated subjects with lung cancer and 74 cancer-free control subjects matched on age (±3 years),gender and ethnicity was conducted.All subjects were unrelated ethnic Han Chinese and lifetime non-smoking women from northeastern China.Genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP method.Results Variant G-allele of XRCC1 Pro206Pro was significantly over-represented in lung cancer patients (G versus A,OR=3.69,95% CI=1.46-9.34,P=0.004).Carriers of the variant G-allele of Pro206Pro were at significantly increased risk of lung cancer (AG+GG versus AA,OR=3.93,95% CI=1.47-10.52,P=0.004).No significant effect was observed for polymorphism of XRCC1 Gln632Gln.Overall haplotype distribution was significant different between cases and controls (P=0.005).Hapolotype (Pro206Pro (G)-Gln632Gln (A)) defined by combination of variant alleles in the two polymorphisms was a high-risk haplotype of lung cancer susceptibility (OR=4.04,95% CI=1.36-11.96,P=0.007).The two polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium (D'=0.702).Conclusion The present results are consistent with our previous findings that variant G-allele of DNA repair gene XRCC1 Pro206Pro or a haplotype encompassing it's alleles may be an important susceptibility factor in the process of lung cancer developonent in non-smoking Chinese women.Larger sample studies will be required further to validate these findings.