Abstract: ObjectiveTo estimate the smoking and passive smoking status in residents of Yun county.MethodsResidents selected with stratified random sampling in Yun county of Yunnan province were investigated.The smoking rate,age beginning smoking,average smoking dose per day,passive smoking rate,years of exposure to environment tobacco smoke (ETS)and daily exposure time of ETS were analyzed with questionnaire survey in men and women.ResultsThe total smoking rate was 34.83% in 1 002 male and female residents.Smoking rate was 71.46% and 2.08% in men and women,respectively.The age of starting smoking was 19.00±5.23 years.The smoking dose per day for average was 17.60±11.13 cigarettes.Total passive smoking rate was 86.37% in non-smokers and passive smoking rate inmale and female was 79.25% and 88.22%,respectively.51.60% of the passive smokers exposed to ETS since they were born.The daily exposure time was 3.98 ±3.43 hours in man and 4.11±3.60 hours in women.ConclusionThe women have higher passive smoking rate,longer daily exposure time and ear lier exposure to ETS.Women are the main victims of passive smoking.