Abstract: Objective To explore risk factors of esophageal cancer in Kazakh and Han population in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region form along integrated esophageal cancer controlm easures.Methods A casecontrol study and a health survey were conducted in 239 patients with esophageal cancer and 337 population-based cancer-free controls.The logistic regression was used to analyze influential factors of esophageal cancer.Results The important risk factors of esophageal cancer in Kazakh populations were sm oking,without tap drinking water,drinking tea with milk,eating smoked meat,eating hot food and fast eating.While the protective factors of esophageal cancer were drinking tap water,drinking yogurt and taking fresh vegetables.In Han nationality,eating smoked meat,pickled vegetables and eating hot food were important risk factors In Kazakh population,the combined population attributable risk(PAR) of the eight risk factors was 89.05%.In Han populations,the combined PAR of the three risk factors was 84.23%.Conclusion The incidence of esophageal cancer is influenced by many factors,and the preventive measures should be comprehensive.