Abstract: Objective To study the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus(DM)among the residents in Kunming city.Methods Multistages tratified random sampling was adopted and the residents selected were investigated by trained investiga tors from January to April in 2008.Results Totally 5185 residents over 20 years old were investigated.The prevalencerate of DM was 5.76%(standardized rate=3199%).The prevalent rate of male was 5.88%(standardized rate=4.62%)and that for female was 5.26%(standardized rate=3.69%).The prevalent rate for male was not different from that of female(P=0.351).Family history of DM,abdominal obesity,age,and hypertension were major risk factors of DM in the residents.Mean while,the fruits and vegetable oil intake were the protective factors of DM.Conclusion It is necessary to streng then prevention and control of diabetes mellitus in Kunming.