Abstract: Objective To know the relationship between air pollution and the number of pediatric respiratory disease hospitalization in Shenzhen.Methods Based on the data of 2006,concentrations of PM10,NO₂ and O₃ and the hospitalization of children with upper respiratory tract infection and pneurmonia were analyzed with linear regression.Results There was a significant positive correlation between the levels of PM10,NO₂ and O₃ and the number of children suffering from upper respiratory tract infection with the correlation between the levels of NO₂ and O₃ and the hospitalization of children suffering from pneumonia with the correlation coefficients of 0.719 and 0.692(P<0.05).A 10μg/m³ increase in PM10 was associated with a 0.135% increase of hospitalization of upper respiratory tract infection;a 10μg/m³ increase in NO₂ was associated with 0.254% and 11.29% increases of hospitalization of upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia.A 10μg/m³ increase in O₃ was associated with 0.173% and 0.794% increases in upper resp iratory tract infection and pneumonia.Conclusion The inerease of PM10,NO₂ and O₃ pollution could lead to a corresponding increase in the hositalization of children with respiratory diseases.