Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence of diabetes and its influencing factors inrural area of Shilin county.Methods Pro bability proportional to size(PPS)sampling method was used to select 6006 residents aged 45 years and elder from Shilin county.Information was obtained from a questionna ire survey and fasting blood sugartest.The data was analyzed with binary logistic regression.Results The overall prevalence of diabetes was 70% in the study population;the prevalence of diabetes among males was 7.8% and was 6.3% among females.The awareness,control and treamtent rate of diabetes was 4.87%,9 76% and 7.32%,respectively.The elderly,current smokers,individuals with overweight,individuals with hy pertension and individuals with family history of diabetes had higher probability of having diabetes with the odds ratios(OR)of 1.44(95%CI:1.06-1.91),1.57(95%CI:1.12-2.20),4 73(95%CI:1.19-9.83),1 64(95%CI:1.17-2.38),and 2.02(95%CI:1.19-3.44),respectively.Conclusion The awareness,control and treamtent rates of diabetes are low in the study population.Strateg ies should be enhanced to reduce the preva lence of diabetes.