Abstract: Objective To study the distribution of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaem olyticus(Vp)in different ecological environment of the Pearl Riverestuary in Guangzhou and to inves tigate the irtox in genes.There lationship between Vibrio cholerae in the environment and the previous cases was also analyzed.Methods According to main characte ristics of water network of Peal River estuary region in Guangzhou,1608 samples of water,shellfish,fish,frog were collected.Tox in genes of the positive strain were detected by real-time PCR.Clustering analysis of strains isolated from previous cases in out-break and outside environment of this study were carried on with PFG E.Results The total positive rate of Vibriocholerae was 0.19%(3/1 608).No toxin gene was found.The total positive rate of Vp was 34.1% and the most of the strains did not carry tox in gene.Conclusion There are contaminations of Vibrio cholerae and Vibriopa rahaem olyticus in aquatic products and environment of the Peal River estuary in Guangzhou.The highes trate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was observed in shellfish.