Abstract: Objective To describe the cesarean section(CS)rate in rural areas of Anhui,and to analyze the factors associated with CS.Methods A total of 1 515 women who delivered during March 1st to December 31th,2008 in two counties of Anhui were investigated with questionnaire.Results The rate of CS in two counties was 63.6% and 82.1%,respectively,with statistical difference(P<0.001).Women's request played an important role in the incidence of cesarean delivery.Higher education level was a risk factor of caesarean section in two coun ties(OR value=1.081 in county A,OR=1.103 in county B).Adverse pregnancy outcome,frequent antenatal care,and delivery at county level were risk factors of caesarean section in county A(OR value was 1.875,1.359,1.524,respectively).Delivery at town ship level was a risk factor of caesarean section in county B(OR value=2.114).Conclusion For the continuing increasing in caesarean section rate in China,appropriate interventions should be made according to different situation in different areas.