Abstract: Objective To investigate two-weeks consultation rate and its influencing factors among rural residents with illness in Xiji county.Methods Multi-stage sampling method was used to carry out family health inquiring survey in 2009 among countryside residents of Xiji county in Ningxia.Results Totally 5 840 residents from 1 180 families were interviewed at their home.The two-week disease prevalence rate in the residents was 12.31%.The percentage of the residents with illness but without medical consultation in two-weeks was 63.28%(66.78% formale,58.61% for female,68.89% for Han and 59.91% for monority population,respectively).The major reasons for the non2consultation in two-weeks were economic consideration(57 17%) and self-made decision for light severity of the disease(21.60%).The unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that gender,nationality,disease severity and economics tatus had significantly effect on consultation rate of the residents.Conclusion The two-week consultation rate of rural residents with illness in Xiji is low and mainly related to gender,nationality,disease severity,and economic status.