Abstract: Objective To analyze economic burden of hypertension and diabetes patients and its compensation by New Rural Medical Syetem.Methods By multi-stage stratified random sampling method,20 087 people were selected from 40 admin is trative villages of eight counties in Shandong province.Face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted and 2 112 hypertension and 201 diabetes patients were found.Results Of all patients,96.2% of hypertension and 93.9% of diabetes were covered by New Rural Medical System;the expenditure of the latest treatment of hypertension and diabetes was 126.1 yuan and 459.7 Yuan,respectively.14.41% of hypertension and 22.9% of diabetes patients got compensation from New Rural Medical System.The average amounts of compensation were 385.53 Yuan and 162.68 Yuan,respectively.Conclusion The rural residents have heavy economic burden of non-communicable diseases and the compensation of New Rural Medical System needs to be improved.