Abstract: Objective To understand health status and to analyze the utitlization of health service and its key influencing factors among rural residents for improvement of public health service and residents' health in rural area.Methods A total of 2 499 participants were randomly chosen by stratified cluster sampling method from Anyue of Sichuan,Linquan of Anhui,Caoxian and Chiping of Shandong.Excel and SPSS 13.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results Two-weeks disease prevalence rate in the residents was 186.1‰ with the influencing factors of gender,age,education,marriage and income.Two-weeks medical care attendance rate was 1.314‰ with the influencing factors of age,education,marriage and income.The annual hospitalization rate was 5.4% with the only influencing factor of gender.After adjustment of confounding factors,the multivariate analysis showed that the key factors influencing the residents' illness and medical care seeking were gender,age,education and income level.Conclusion Increasing income level,enhancing education degree and perfecting the New Cooperative Medical Scheme could improve the utilization of health service in rural residents.