Abstract: Objective To study the treatment effect and drug resistance of highly active anti-retrovial therapy(HAART) among former plasma donors with HIV/AIDS by an one-year follow-up study in a county of Henan province.Methods In November 2007,365 people with HIV/AIDS were recruited with stratified cluster sampling.After one-year follow-up,the mortality rate was estimated and risk factors for treatment effect were analyzed using Cox regression.Results There were 179 men and 186 women in the baseline survey,with the average age of 45.32±7.15 years and infection of HIV through former blood(plasma) donation.There were 12 confirmed deaths at the end of the follow-up with a mortality rate of 3.54(95% confidence interval=1.54-5.55) per 100 person-years.The viral inhibition ratio at baseline and the end of follow up was 42.5% and 41.22%,respectively.Totally 280 subjects received HAART and the average cure time was 28.89±13.68 months in the baseline survey.There were 55 subjects under HAART being HIV genotypic resistance,and the rate of HIV genotypic resistance was 15.07%.The rate of HIV genotypic resistance to AZT,NVP,DDI,D4T and 3TC was 45.45%,74.55%,49.09%,45.45%,and 80.00%,respectively.Conclusion The treatment effect of HAART is distinct among the former plasma donors with HIV/AIDS and the viral inhibition ratio is high.But the genotypic resistance rate for some drugs is high.Treatment effect should be improved with drug resistance monitoring and adjustment of the drug scheme in time.