Abstract: Objective To determine the health protection zone for aluminum smelting industry.Methods Through full investigation on aluminum smelting industry in China,and extensive on-site investigation and measure,the sanitation protection distance of aluminum smelter was calculated according to the recommended estimation in《Technical methods for making local emission standards of air pollutants-GB/T13201-91》.Results The main fugitive emission pollutant was fluo-ride for aluminum smelter industry in China and the amount of fugivive emission was 2.49,4.97,6.59,8.20,and 11.82 kg/h for the smelter with the production of 50,100,150,200,and 300 thousand tons per year,respectively.According to national concertration limitation of fluoride and sulfur oxide in ambient air and the results of epidemiologic study,the estimated health protection distance was 900-1200 meters.Conclusion The health protection zone for aluminum smelting industry is critical to protect the health of residents living around the smelters.