Abstract: Objective To explore the risk factors of epilepsy.Methods A case-control study including 443 epileptic patients and 334 non-epileptic patients treated in Linyi People's Hospital from September 2008 to April 2009 was conducted.Results Eight indexes in univariate analysis and 6 indexes in multivariate analysis(non-conditional logistic regression) showed statistically significant association with epilepsy.Family history of epilepsy(odds ratioOR=10.16,P=0.000 4),febrile seizure(OR= 6.34,P=0.000 2),birth injury of newborn(OR=5.38,P=0.025 7) and head trauma(OR=3.29,P=0.000 3) were risk factors to epileptic seizure.While age(OR=0.62,P<0.000 1),eutocia(OR=0.21,P<0.000 1) were protective factors.Conclusion The family history of epilepsy,febrile seizure,birth injury of newborn and head trauma are important risk factors of epileptic seizure.The resutlt lays a good foundation for gene localization and the epileptic early warning model.