Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the population of Tongling city,Anhui province.Methods Totally 2455 people were surveyed with stratified cluster sampling and their blood samples were collected.The indicators of HBV infection were detected with ELISA.Results Among the subjects detected,the positive rates of HBsAg,HBsAb,HBeAg,HBeAb,and HBcAb were 8.6%,32.3%,0.7%,6.0%,and 7.4%,respectively.While the positive rate of HBV was 44.1%(1082/2455).The mean vaccination rate of HBV was 26.1%(640/2455) and 63.6%(7/11) in the subjects of 0-10 years old group.The vaccination rate was 76.5%(17/30) in student group and higher than that of other groups.The vaccination rate of HBV in urban subjects was higher than that of rural subjects.The positive rate of HBsAg and the prevalence of HBV were dramatically decreased after the implementation of the vaccination(P<0.01).Conclusion In the population of Tongling city,the positive rate of HBsAg is 8.6% with a standardized positive rate of 8.5%,higher than that of nation-wide.The vaccination rate of HBV is relatively low,especially in the rural area.