Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the determinants of prognosis and pre-hospital care for road traffic brain injury in Shandong province.MethodsTotally 2 866 inpatients with road traffic brain injury in 2004 were selected with cluster sampling from²0 hospitals for a questionnaire survey.The data collected were analyzed with descriptive analysis,univariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe mean age of the inpatients was 37.8 years and the male to female ratio was about 3:1.47.6% of the patients got professional treatment within 2 hours.The treatments included keeping the airway aptency(28.5%),physically fix(6.5%),cervical fixation(3.4%),tracheal intubation(7.3%).5.5% of the patients died in hospital and more than half of deaths occurred within 2 hours after the injury.The main factors affecting the prognosis were gender,age,motorcycle ride,respiratory tract unobstructed,body fixed,trachea intubation.ConclusionThe prognosis of traffic brain injury could be effectively improved by taking interventions as enhancing road safety education,improving the road traffic environment,speeding the response of first aid,improving ambulance facilities,upgrading professional standards of ambulanceman.