Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore the effects of social-psychological factors on smoking behavior in adult male smokers.MethodsTotally 1 012 male smokers selected in a community were investigated with a questionnaire of socio-demographic factors,Family Environment Scale Chinese Version(FES-CV)and attitude of social smoking.The severity of nicotine dependence(ND)was assessed with the Fagertröm Test of Nicotine Dependence(FTND).ResultsThe results of multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that peer influence(smoking together with smoking friends,odds ratioOR= 237.628)and the attitude about social smoking were risk factors for smoking initiation(OR=3.445).Social smoking behaviors(OR=84.415)and the attitude about refusing cigarettes from peer being impolile(OR=4.022)were risk factors for smoking maintenance.Family cohesion,peer influence and agreement to smoking being a way to promote interpersonal communication had association with nicotine dependence(β=-0.117,OR=0.890,P=0.026;β=0.708,OR=2.030,P=0.001; β=1.165,OR=3.205,P=0.000).ConclusionFamily cohesion,peer influence,the cognitive and coping style about social smoking may be the risk factors for smoking initiation,smoking maintenance and nicotine dependence among male adults.