Abstract: Objective To study the status and influence factors of hospitalization among rural residents in Yanchi county of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Methods with multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method,a total of 5.358 rural residents were investigated.Results The rate of required hospitalization was 8.8%.The proportion of non hospitalization for required hospitalization was 17.8%.Univariate analysis showed that the rate of required hospitalization for women was higher than that of men(χ²=25.16,P<0.01).The rate of required hospitalization among differen tage groups was significantly different(χ²=211.09,P<0.01).The rate of required hospitalization among the residents with different marital status was different(χ²=98.64,P<0.01).The rate of required hospitalization decreased with the increase of educational leve l(χ²=99.72,P<0.01).The rate of required hospitalization among the residents with different income was not significantly different(χ²=2.47,P>0.05).Multiva riate analysis showed that female,older age,suffering from chronic disease and illness within 2 weeks before the survey were risk factors of the required hospitalization.People with higher education level was the protective factors of the rate of required hospitalization in Yanchi county.Conclusion The required hospitalization rate of women,children,the elderly,and the people with poor health status is higher in Yanchi county.