Abstract: Objective To analyze the relationship between preva lence of diabete smellitus(DM)and smoking index.Methods The subjects selected with multistage sampling were 2 300 residents living in Harbin more than 5 years and aged from 20 to 74 years.Single factor analysis and unconditional logistic regression model were used to study the corre lation of smoking and other po ssible risk factors to DM.Results Among the subjects the prevalence rate of DM was 7.29% and the smoking rate was 31.00% in total.The analysis showed that the smoking index was correlated to DM prevalence(χ_CMH²=17.433 7,P<0.000 1,r_s=0.164 2).Six possible risk factors for DM were identified with multiva riatelogistic regression analysis(hyperlipidemia,family history of DM,increase of systolic pressure,waist-to-hipratio,higher smoking index,and age).Among these factors,the odds ratio(OR)for smoking index was 1.776(95% confidence in terval(CI)=1.191-2.649),and population a ttributed risk was 19.39%(95%CI=3.86-33.83).Conclusion Smoking rateis high in community residents of Harbincity.Smoking is positively related to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the residents.