Abstract: ObjectiveTo establish an index system for population health assessment in Chinese comunities with Delphi method.MethodsA two-round Delphi consultaiton was used to choose suitable indicatiors among 27 experts from 13 provinces,municipalities or autonomous regions.The suitable indicators were selected according to the importance recognized by the experts and the coefficient of variation.ResultsThe average time of service in public health of the experts was 24.11±6.73 years.The response rates of the two rounds consultation were 96.30% and 88.89%.The average coefficient of experts'authorities Cr was 0.86±0.05.Kedall's coefficients were 0.207(χ_R²=182.6,P<0.05)and 0.357(χ_R²=260.7, P<0.05).The opinions among the experts became consistent from the first round to the second round.The index system was established with 3 first-class indicators(health determinant,health status and health consequence),9 second-class indicators and 27 third-class indicators.The weights of the 3 first-class indicators were 0.333,0.351,and 0.316.ConclusionThe Delphi method is proved to be practical for the establishment of the health assessment index system in commuities of China.