Abstract: ObjectiveTo learn the characteristics of traffic safety behaviors among urban and rural residents in Guangxi and to provide basis for the prevention and control of road traffic injury(RTIs).MethodsQuestionnaire survey was conducted among 3 362 people aged 15 to 69 years from 7 counties of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region selected with multi-stage cluster random sampling method.ResultsOf all subjects,42.45% of the pedestrian and 40.25% of the cyclists had peccancy behaviors.The p rcentages of drunken driving and fatigue driving were 14.45 and 18.25 with 4.33 times and 2.65 times higher percentages in the male than those of in the female.The rate of non-licensed driving was 22.81% and 46.25% of motorcycle drivers or riders never wore hemlet.The rates of using seat belt regularly when driving and riding were 53.20% and 29.28%.There was an increasing trend in the awareness of wearing helment and seat belt as the education level increased.ConclusionPropaganda and education on road traffic safety and regulations must to be carried out urgently because of the lack of road safety awareness and serious traffic violations among the residents in Guangxi.